Would a True Born Again Christian Commit Suicide

Religious views on suicide

Painting by Giotto depicting a person committing the sin of desperatio, the rejection of God'due south mercy, because while high-strung they are unable to enquire for repentance.^[1]

There are a variety of religious views on suicide.

Aboriginal Pagan religions [edit]

In general, the infidel earth, both Roman and Greek, had a relaxed attitude towards suicide.^{[2] [three] [4]}

Dharmic religions [edit]

Buddhism [edit]

In Buddhism, an private's past acts are recognized to heavily influence what they feel in the nowadays; present acts, in turn, become the background influence for future experiences (the doctrine of karma). Intentional actions by listen, trunk or speech have a reaction. This reaction, or repercussion, is the cause of conditions and differences one encounters in life.

Buddhism teaches that all people feel substantial suffering (dukkha), in which suffering primarily originates from past negative deeds (karma), or may result as a natural process of the cycle of birth and expiry (samsara). Other reasons for the prevalence of suffering concern the concepts of impermanence and illusion (maya). Since everything is in a abiding state of impermanence or flux, individuals experience dissatisfaction with the fleeting events of life. To suspension out of samsara, Buddhism advocates the Noble Eightfold Path, and does non advocate suicide.

In Theravada Buddhism, for a monk to then much as praise death, including abode upon life'due south miseries or extolling stories of possibly blissful rebirth in a college realm in a fashion that might condition the hearer to commit suicide or to pine away to death, is explicitly stated as a alienation in one of highest vinaya codes, the prohibition against harming life, one that volition result in automatic expulsion from Sangha.^[v]

For Buddhists, since the beginning precept is to refrain from the destruction of life, including i'due south self, suicide is seen as a negative human action. If someone commits suicide in acrimony, he may be reborn in a sorrowful realm due to negative terminal thoughts.^{[6] [7]} Nevertheless, Buddhism does non condemn suicide without exception, simply rather observes that the reasons for suicide are often negative and thus counteract the path to enlightenment.^[eight] With that said, in thousands of years of Buddhist history, very few exceptions are establish.

But in the Buddhist tale of a bhikkhu named Vakkali who was extremely ill and racked with excruciating pain. He was said to take died past suicide when near death and upon making statements suggesting he had passed beyond desires (and thus perhaps an arhant).^[9] Self-euthanasia appears the context for his expiry.

Another example is the story of a bhikkhu named Godhika, also beset by illness,^[9] Suicide equally a Response to Suffering]</ref> who had repeatedly attained temporary liberation of mind just was unable to gain final liberation due to illness.^[9] While believing himself again in a country of temporary liberation it occurred to him to cut his own throat, in hopes thus to be reborn in a high realm.^[9] The Buddha was said to have stated:

Such indeed is how the steadfast human activity:

They are not attached to life. Having drawn out craving at its root

Godhika has attained terminal Nibbaana.^[nine]

Ultimately, tales like these could be read as implying past Buddhist beliefs that suicide might be adequate in certain circumstances if it might lead to not-zipper. In both higher up cases, the monks were not enlightened before dying by suicide but they hoped to become enlightened following their deaths.^[x]

The Channovàda-sutra gives a third infrequent example of one who died past suicide and subsequently attained enlightenment.^[11]

In an entry in The Encyclopedia of Faith, Marilyn J. Harran wrote the post-obit:

Buddhism in its various forms affirms that, while suicide every bit self-sacrifice may exist advisable for the person who is an arhat, i who has attained enlightenment, it is nonetheless very much the exception to the rule.^[12]

Sokushinbutsu in Japanese Buddhism involves asceticism to the point of death and inbound mummification while alive.^[13] This is done to attain Buddha-nature in i's trunk.

Hinduism [edit]

In Hinduism, suicide is spiritually unacceptable. Generally, taking your own life is considered a violation of the code of ahimsa (non-violence) and therefore equally sinful every bit murdering another. Some scriptures state that to dice past suicide (and any type of violent decease) results in becoming a ghost, wandering globe until the time i would have otherwise died, had i not died past suicide.^[xiv]

The Mahabharata talks of suicide, stating those who commit it can never achieve to regions (of heaven) that are blessed.^[fifteen]

Hinduism accepts a person'southward right to end 1'due south life through Prayopavesa.^[xvi] Prayopavesa is for old age yogis who take no want or ambition left, and no responsibilities remaining in this life.^[16] Another example is dying in a battle to save one'southward honor.

Swami Vivekananda reached both Moksha and suicide during meditation- ways he attained Mahasamadhi and died simultaneously on 4th July 1902 willingfully.^[17]

Jainism [edit]

In Jainism, suicide is regarded equally the worst grade of himsā (violence) and is not permitted.^{[ citation needed ]} Ahimsā (nonviolence) is the fundamental doctrine of Jainism.

Co-ordinate to the Jain text Puruşārthasiddhyupāya, "when death is well-nigh" the vow of sallekhanā (fasting to death) is observed by properly thinning the torso and the passions.^[18] It also mentions that sallekhanā is not suicide since the person observing it is devoid of all passions like attachment.^[19]

Abrahamic religions [edit]

Christianity [edit]

There is no express biblical warrant condemning and prohibiting suicide, and there are persons mentioned within the Bible who dice by suicide.^{[twenty] [21]} Depending on a denomination'southward canon of books, there are six or eleven suicides mentioned in the Bible.^[22] On the other hand, the descriptions of people in the Bible who died by suicide are negative. Major contexts include expose (Ahitophel and Judas)^{[23] [24]} and divine judgement resulting in armed forces defeat (Saul and Abimelech). In item, Bible (King James) Psalm 37:14-xv describes the "wicked" as falling on their own swords, and Zimri is described as having "died for his sins which he committed, doing evil in the eyes of Yahweh" (s:Translation:1 Kings#Affiliate 16:18-19). Many Christian theologians take an unfavorable view of suicide.^[25]

Psalm 139:8 ("If I arise upwardly into heaven, thou art there: if I brand my bed in hell, behold, thou art in that location.") has frequently been discussed in the context of those who commit suicide.^{[26] [27] [28] [29]}

According to the theology of the Roman Catholic Church, suicide is objectively a sin which violates the commandment "Thousand shalt not kill".^[30] However, the gravity and culpability for that sin changes based on the circumstances surrounding that sin. The Canon of the Catholic Church (1992), Paragraph 2283 states: "We should not despair of the eternal salvation of persons who have taken their own lives. By means known to him alone, God can provide the opportunity for salutary repentance. The Church prays for persons who accept taken their own lives." Paragraph 2282 also points out that "Grave psychological disturbances, ache, or grave fear of hardship, suffering, or torture can diminish the responsibleness of the i committing suicide." The Catholic Church used to deny suicides a Catholic funeral mass and burial. However, the Church has since changed this exercise.^[31]

Protestants such as Evangelicals, Charismatics, Pentecostals, and other denominations take frequently argued that suicide is cocky-murder, and so anyone who commits it is sinning and it is the aforementioned as if the person murdered another man. An additional view concerns the act of asking for salvation and accepting Jesus Christ as personal savior, which must be washed prior to death. This is an important attribute of many Protestant denominations, and the problem with suicide is that once dead the individual is unable to accept conservancy. The unpardonable sin and so becomes non the suicide itself, but rather the refusal of the gift of salvation.

Suicide is regarded generally inside the Eastern Orthodoxy tradition as a rejection of God'southward gift of physical life, a failure of stewardship, an act of despair, and a transgression of the sixth commandment, "You shall not kill" (Exodus 20:thirteen). The Orthodox Church usually denies a Christian burying to a person who has died by suicide. However, factors bearing on the detail instance may become known to the priest who must share this information with the diocesan bishop; the bishop will consider the factors and make the decision apropos funeral services. However, the Eastern Orthodox Church building shows compassion on those who have taken their ain life because of mental illness or astringent emotional stress, when a physician can verify a condition of impaired rationality.

In early Christian traditions, the condemnation of suicide is reflected in the teachings of Lactantius, St. Augustine, Cloudless of Alexandria, and others. Amongst the martyrs at Antioch were 3 women who died by suicide to avoid rape; although professor William East. Phipps gives this as an example of virtuous early Christian suicides, Augustine declared that although they may have done "what was right in the sight of God," in his view the women "should non have causeless that rape would necessarily have deprived them of their purity" (every bit purity was, to Augustine, a land of mind).^[32]

Some other denominations of Christianity may not condemn those who commit suicide per se as committing a sin, even if suicide is not viewed favorably; factors such as motive, character, etc. are believed to be taken into account. One such case is The New Church.^[33] In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-mean solar day Saints (LDS Church), suicide is generally viewed every bit wrong, although the victim may non be considered responsible for the deed depending on the circumstances.^[34]

Islam [edit]

Islam conspicuously forbids suicide equally a verse in the Quran instructs:

"And practice not kill yourselves, surely God is most Merciful to you lot."

The prohibition of suicide has also been recorded in statements of hadith (sayings of Muhammad); for example:

Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "He who commits suicide by throttling shall continue on throttling himself in the Hell-Burn down (forever) and he who commits suicide by stabbing himself shall keep on stabbing himself in the Hell-Fire."

Many Muslim scholars and clerics consider suicide forbidden, including suicide attacks.^{[36] [37] [38]}

Judaism [edit]

Suicides are frowned upon and buried in a split up part of a Jewish cemetery, and may non receive certain mourning rites. In exercise, every means is used to excuse suicide—usually past determining either that the suicide itself proves that the person was not in their right mind, or that the person must have repented after performing the deadly act but shortly earlier decease occurred. Taking one's own life may be seen equally a preferred alternative to committing certain cardinal sins.^[39] Nigh authorities hold that information technology is not permissible to hasten expiry to avoid hurting if i is dying in any effect, merely the Talmud is somewhat unclear on the thing.^[40] However, assisting in suicide and requesting such assistance (thereby creating an accomplice to a sinful human action) is forbidden, a violation of Leviticus 19:14 ("Do not put a stumbling block earlier the blind"), which is understood every bit prohibiting tempting to sin as well as literally setting up concrete obstacles.^[41]

Biblical and other Jewish accounts of suicide include those of Samson and the woman with seven sons. Although the Jewish historian Josephus described a Jewish mass suicide at Masada,^[42] according to the archaeologist Kenneth Atkinson, no "archaeological evidence that Masada'southward defenders committed mass suicide" exists.^[43]

Neopagan religions [edit]

Wicca [edit]

In Wicca besides as numerous other Neopagan religions, there is no general consensus concerning suicide. Some view suicide every bit a violation of the sanctity of life, and a violation of the most fundamental of Wiccan laws, the Wiccan Rede. However, equally Wicca teaches a conventionalities in reincarnation instead of permanent rewards or punishments, many believe that suicides are reborn (similar every i else) to endure the same circumstances in each subsequent lifetime until the capacity to cope with the circumstance develops.^[44]

Run into as well [edit]

• Church building of Euthanasia
• Prayopavesa
• Sallekhana
• Seppuku
• Sokushinbutsu
• Voodoo decease

Notes [edit]

References [edit]

1. ^ Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology, pp. 108–9.
2. ^ Danielle Gourevitch, "Suicide amid the sick in classical antiquity." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 43.vi (1969): 501-518.
3. ^ John D. Papadimitriou, et al. "Euthanasia and suicide in antiquity: viewpoint of the dramatists and philosophers." Journal of the Royal Society of medicine 100.1 (2007): 25-28. online
4. ^ Anton J. L. Van Hooff, From autothanasia to suicide: Cocky-killing in classical artifact (Routledge, 2002).
5. ^ Pruitt & Norman, The Patimokkha, 2001, Pali Text Society, Lancaster, Defeat 3
6. ^ 千萬不要自殺﹗--悔恨千年剧烈痛苦!
7. ^ 珍惜生命（墮胎與自殺的真相）
8. ^ 論佛教的自殺觀
9. ^ ^{a b c d due east} Attwood, Michael. "Suicide every bit A Response to Suffering". Western Buddhist Review. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved v August 2021.
10. ^ Buddhism, euthanasia and suicide at the BBC
11. ^ Damien Keown. "Buddhism and Suicide The Instance of Channa" (PDF). Journal of Buddhist Ethics. 3 (1996): nineteen–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2010-eleven-29 .
12. ^ Mircea Eliade (2005). The Encyclopedia of Religion (vol 14) . New York: Macmillan. p. 129. ISBN978-0-02-865733-2.
13. ^ Jeremiah, Ken. Living Buddhas: The Self-mummified Monks of Yamagata, Nippon. McFarland, 2010
14. ^ Hindu Website. Hinduism and suicide
15. ^ Mahabharata section CLXXXI
16. ^ ^{a b} "Hinduism - Euthanasia and Suicide". BBC. 2009-08-25.
17. ^ Ross, June (1998). Field Notebook: USA 1998b. [s.north.] doi:10.5962/bhl.championship.148235.
18. ^ Suicide and Jainism
19. ^ Jain, Vijay Yard. (2012), Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya, Vikalp Printers, p. 115, ISBN978-81-903639-four-5, Not-Copyright Alt URL
20. ^ "Is Suicide Unforgivable?".
21. ^ Neil K. Gorsuch (12 April 2009). The Hereafter of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia. Princeton University Printing. p. 25. ISBN978-0-691-14097-1.
22. ^ Elisabeth Brockmann: Selbsttötungen in der Bibel, in: AGUS (ed.): Kirche – Umgang mit Suizid, p. 18-20.
23. ^ Pulpit Commentary on ii Samuel 17: "Here Ahithophel is almost certainly intended"
24. ^ Eugen J. Pentiuc, Judas' Contour in the Psalms: Meditation on the Holy Wednesday, accessed 5 August 2017
25. ^ "What Does the Bible Say Nearly Suicide?".
26. ^ Dowie, J. A. (1902). Leaves of Healing. Vol. v. eleven. Zion Publishing House. p. 702.
27. ^ Powell, D. (2017). Entangled: The Treacherous Snare of the Father of Lies. v Fold Media LLC. p. 13. ISBN978-ane-942056-55-3.
28. ^ Clemons, J. T. (1990). Perspectives on Suicide. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 55. ISBN978-0-664-25085-0.
29. ^ Murray, A. (2011). Suicide in the Center Ages: Volume 2: The Curse on Self-Murder. Oxford Academy Press. Title folio. ISBN978-0-xix-161399-nine.
30. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church, Paragraph 2280, 2281".
31. ^ Byron, William. "Do People Who Commit Suicide Go to Hell?". Cosmic Digest. Archived from the original on 19 Dec 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
32. ^ Phipps, William. "Christian Perspectives on Suicide". religion-online. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
33. ^ Odhner, John. "Reflections on Suicide". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved vi July 2012.
34. ^ "Suicide". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Archived from the original on 2011-07-fifteen.
35. ^ Quran 4:29
36. ^ "The Hijacked Caravan: Refuting Suicide Bombings every bit Martyrdom Operations in Contemporary Jihad Strategy", Ihsanic Intelligence
37. ^ Noah Feldman, "Islam, Terror and the Second Nuclear Age", New York Times, October 29, 2006
38. ^ David Bukay, From Muhammad to Bin Laden: Religious and Ideological Sources of the Homicide Bombers Phenomenon, 2011.
39. ^ See Talmud Bavli Gittin, 57b.
40. ^ Run into Talmud Bavli Avoda Zara 18a
41. ^ Run across Talmud Bavli (B.) Pesachim 22b; B. Mo'ed Katan 5a, 17a; B. Bava Mezia 75b. and B. Nedarim 42b.
42. ^ Masada and the get-go Jewish revolt against Rome Archived 2009-10-16 at the Wayback Machine: Most East Tourist Industry, Steven Langfur 2003
43. ^ Zuleika Rodgers, ed. (2007). Making History: Josephus And Historical Method . Brill. p. 397.
44. ^ "Pagans and Suicide".

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_suicide

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